Hard landing / severe turbulence ?

[captain_jeeves]

Maybe this will help the turbulence part of the question.

I got these references to "Chop and Turbulence" from an Aerospace Engineering Text-book a number of years ago. They have proven consistent over the years with the "Walking around the cabin" definitions, and I figure if the Engineers are building them to these values, they should be reasonably accurate.

Obviously, all speeds and rates are indicated values.


Light Chop
5 - 14 kts of airspeed change only

Moderate Chop
15 - 25 kts of airspeed change only

Light Turbulence
5 -14 kts of airspeed change AND 300-1199 feet Vertical Speed Change / Min

Moderate Turbulence
15-25 kts of airspeed change AND 1200-2099 feet Vertical Speed Change / Min

Severe Turbulence
+25 kts of airspeed change AND 2100 - 2999 feet Vertical Speed Change / Min

Extreme Turbulence
+3000 FPM feet Vertical Speed Change / Min