Oh, there are taxes alright for the freight folks as well.
An airway bill surcharge is levied on all airfreight shipments, and general aviation pays as well, thru a federal fuel tax.
Everyone pays...but certainly not on the scale as in Europe/UK.
The US airlines are lobbying really hard for a cost-based chargeable to the user ATC system, and of course they would like to see general/corporate aviation pay a whole lot more, even tho the airlines use the majority of ATC services.
Over one million responses have been received about this from the private/corporate aviation sector...so don't look for many changes soon, if at all.