An accountant put it like this to me.
Imagine being paid to build a wall.
If you get paid for a days work, whether the wall is finished or not you are employed.
If you only get paid for the finished wall then you are self employed.
When I was instructing we were only paid for the hours we flew, no retainer or daily rate. Therefore self employed.
I worked out that after all the travel etc I only cleared £5,000 over the 12 months I was instructing for.