Well, even if Tornado was in service in 82 none would have been deployed to Falklands anyway, so its CAP capability etc. etc. etc. is all moot. They couldn't even keep one ship down there FFS.
The possession of better carriers might have helped but since the Argentines couldn't wait for the ones the RN actually had to go to India they might still have gone for it.
What *would* have been a deterrent in my opinion is none of those things, but a TLAM equipped submarine force which could land ordnance on mainland military bases and scare the daylights out of the natives even more than Black Buck could have done. But that wasn't available either - not fired in action until 17 years later!