I like Mad scientist explanation regarding the time of response, great perspective regarding airframes.
Iīd just like to deepen on this matter and try tio explain it, from a different point of view. I call it the Load Factor(n) point of view.
We all know that n depends on the angle of attack and the coefficient of Lift. With that in mind we can undoubtfully say that for a given gust;
a- The higher the IAS/EAS the higher the correspondinīLoad Factor
b- The lower the Weight the higher the Load Factor and viceversa. This doesnīt mean that a heavy aircraft exposed to a small load factor is going to withstand structurally better than a lighter aircraft, because the influence of the Weight in the stress generated in the wing root tends to increase with the Weight.
This is the approach regarding the wind shear structural influence.
On the abilitty to go around a negative shear with engine power, is quite obvious although we have to take into account not only the HP, lbs... but also the time of response to a given thrust, throttle lever move.