Windshear
From my met book :
"An aircraft encontering windshear tends to maintain its speed over the ground due to its own momentum (the larger the aircraft the more momentum it will have) . If the windshear is due to a reduction in headwind component (or increase in tailwind component) this reduction manifest itself as an energy loss with a reduction in indicated airspeed . Lift is therefore reduced and the aircraft will, without correction, suffer a loss of height/increase in rate of descent/decrease in rate of climb. An increase in headwind component(or decrease in the tailwind component) result in an enegy gain and create the opposite effect . These events become critical when the aircraft is being flown close to the ground during the final stages of the approach or shortly after take off . In the energy loss case the engine reaction time when additional power is applied can be critical .
It may be difficult to accept that a change in the tail/head wind component will (in the short term) change the indicated airspeed rather the groundspeed of the aircraft, however rest assured that it does happen."
So definitely inertia plays against you and the larger the aircraft the more critical it would be . Taking into consideration, of course, the excess power available to "overcome" the critical situation : for example a windshear condition during approach on an empty B747 as opposed to a max landing weight 737 .