-Training bond US$36000, pro rata for three years - if you leave after 1 year you pay $24000 etc.
-Full base salary during training
-Accomodation can be either your eventual fulltime villa/apartment, or if still not ready for occupation a temporary apartment
-EK allows a certain weight of cargo to be carried for free but not sure what the amount is. I think 500kg. Not sure if it's free on other carriers either
-Furniture - you either get furnished accomodation ( very basic - ikea type ) or you can take an allowance of about Dhs 30000 and buy /get your own.
-Living with girlfriend is frowned upon in the U.A.E. - many people do it but "undercover" (excuse the pun!!!!!) It would be impossible, i think to get a visa for girlfriend/child iy you're not married. You would be considered single and hence get an apartment.
-schooling allowance pays 90% of fees up to a limit. with the price of schooling nowadays expect to fork out about Dhs 10000 a year from your own pocket - that depends on which school you choose. Certain schools rae even more expensive. Extra curricular stuff (sport, music etc) is fairly expensive.
- expat ladies can work in Dubai. ( You'd need to be married - your girlfriend would need a rsidence visa before ahe can work and very few women manage to get jobs in Dubai under their own steam i.e. without their husband's visa sponsorship) Wide variety of jobs but secretarial jobs and similar tend to be taken by Asian ladies, who seem to get paid less, one of the "subtle" cases of racism here in Dubai. Salaries overall tend not to be as good as Europe but there are exceptions.
Please be advised that apart from the questions you made there are the other costs - food, entertainment etc and these can be substantial. Do your own detailed research. Ultimately thee's nothing better than coming over for a few days to get an idea.