If safety was determined as per events per thousand flights then it would be a statistic and not a quantity. I think it is rather the global picture of the airline or operation. A determination will be based on type of equipment, age, maintenance programs, engineers – and their background, flight crew –and their background, routes etc.
I remember a list of "safe" and "not so safe" airlines a few years back, were CX got a lousy rating due to the fact that their operating out of Kai Tak, thus increasing the chance of an incident.
Airlines ops with home base in known countries of bad maintenance standards will be ramp checked more often than others though every one will be checked eventually. Depending on type and severity of the infraction(s) a grounding will be spoken. If such incident reoccurs in addition to other, already known factors of non-compliance the airline may be banned from the airspace.
Countries (not only France) are no publicizing their lists as a service to pax and in coordination with other aviation authorities.