The Most Dangerous Activity
With the greatest respect, I suspect that what you are talking about is the most dangerous form of behaviour for someone working in a life critical activity - Self Censorship.
It doesn't take very much at all for management of ANY organisation to make it perfectly obvious that comments about certain activities are unwelcome and discouraged. The way to make it obvious is carrot and stick, bonuses and punishment.
It happens in light aircraft operations (I'm a humble PPL) where people don't write up defects but instead maintain a separate list.
I've heard certain airline pilots say "the light came on during climb" before now.
I onced worked for an extremely large oil company that had reams of safety procedure manuals that I had to comply with, but no budget to do so and it was made very clear that I shouldn't even ask. Since I was transferred regularly every two years, the temptation was to do what you could and hope nothing happened on your watch, leaving the problems for the next poor SOB. An explosion at one of its gas plants 20 years later killed six men - and guess what? The company blamed them for their own deaths for not following procedures.
The only answer to the problem that I am currently aware of is a confidential reporting service to a regulator who will listen and has the skills, capacity and motivation to take action.
I'm unsure as to how many of these exist, its easy for them to become "captured" by those they regulate. I suspect a great many pilots would be victimised before anyone could determine which regulators were effective and which weren't.