the caa do a lot of work on safety management systems (SMS) which may give some good anacdotes
most aircraft manufactures have a designated acceptable failure rate which is normally expressed in terms you refer, i.e. a catestrophic failure is acceptable on 10^9 sectors.
have a dig around on the caa website, other than that try looking at some aviation safety textbooks but that tend to be superficial in detail, thats why most large airlines and employers in general employ outside consultants to advise them