Veeany and heedm,. .. .Not quite sure about your training examples but the both fixed winf and helicopters use A'P'T' for climbing (including recovering to S&L from the climb) and P'A'T' for descending.......however, whilst this is the routine for training, in the real world the three components are seperated by only micro seconds in real time..... .In both, to establish the climb, the routine is ATTITUDE.....adopt the climb attitude (attitude being airspeed).....POWER...the desired climb power (usually full for lighties)...Trim..trim the aircraft or in the case of a helicopter...BALANCE. <img border="0" title="" alt="[Razz]" src="tongue.gif" />