A pass should be based on understanding the subject, not recognising the questions.
I totally agree. In theory.
Unfortunately, in CAA / JAA land, questions are too often ambiguous, poorly translated from another language (e.g. anemometer instead of airspeed indicator), have more than one correct answer, or are just plain incorrect. Witness 2 RAF FJ pilots in my Instruments class getting a question on HUDs ‘wrong’.
So, in practice, learning the questions is every bit as important as learning the subject. And so the exams are widely regarded as a pointless hoop-jumping exercise.
Sad, but true.