Just dug out my old CFS notes.
The TACAN transmits 2700 pulse pairs a second from a central vertical aerial which is surrounded by 2 concentric cylinders rotaing at 15 revolutions per second. The inner cylinder has one reflector, the outer cylinder, 9 equally spaced reflectors. The inner cylinder produces a signal at 15hz. As the single reflector passes east, the aerial transmits a burst of 12 nanosecond pulsed pairs - this is known as the Main Reference Burst (MRB). The receiver computes a rough radial by comparing the phase difference between the 15hz and MRB signals.
For further accuracy, the outer drum with the 9 reflectors produces a 135 hz (9 x 15) signal on top of the 15hz signal. An additional 12 nanosecond Auxillery Reference Burst (ARB) also produced as the main signal passes east allows the receiver to calculate a more accurate radial. The phase difference between the 15hz and 135hz signals determines which of the nine 40 degree sectors the aircraft is in and is therefore 9 times more accurate than a VOR (in theory).
It is a very different animal to the VOR and I believe a lot of installations still use the rotaing drums, although electri=onic version must exist as one aircraft I used to fly had the ability to transmit TACAN azimuth information as well as just the air to air DME facility. The one at Brize is still a rotaing drum by the look of it. It was designed to be portable - TACANS would have been relocated at regular intervals during any conflict.
The DME element of TACAN uses the same transmissions as the radial signals - therefore the frequencies used are the same.
Most modern VORs are Doppler VORs. These are the ones with a series of white balls around the centre aerial. These transmit a phased pulsed signal which to the receiver looks just like the physically produced rotaing signal of old.
FYI, phased array radars work on a slightly different principle. The radar head is stationary, the beam is moved by adjusting its' frequency. 360 degree coverage is achieved by having more than one aerial which are used in turn (as seen on the AEGIS radar on Ticonderoga class ships).
I knew there was a good reason for keeping those notes!