Newtons Laws et al
This excellent thread highlights the dangers present when making simplifications to explain complex problems. The simplifications are important but can mislead.
Can anyone out there explain how a car or a bicycle or a 747 makes a 180 turn with very little energy expended and yet produces a reversal of momentum? Simplistically, should not energy be expended to "stop" the vehicle & a similar amount be expended to "start" the vehicle in the opposite direction? We know this cannot be (it takes the same effort to cycle in a curve as in a straight line; cars use the same amount of fuel when turning as when going straight...or do they?) but what is the actual explantion?
I think the solution is to explain it for a wheeled vehicle & then translate the solution to an aircraft?