No tax deductions as far as I understand. ALthough, once you are rated you can always work for an airline in a tax-free country that wants rated pilots (ie putting it the other way around).
And ignore these other comments... If you believe buying a type rating puts you just 1 year closer to a job, go compare the numbers between instructing for a year, and paying for a rating and then being employed for the remaining 11 months. And I know where I would rather be at the end of the year...
Oh, and not even in America are they paying for recurrent training.