No, it's not as simple as that.
Yes, Newton's third law does state pretty much what you paraphrased. But what matters is the total mass flow through the engines times the exhaust velocity; that determines (pretty much) the gross thrust exerted by each engine. From that you have to subtract the so-called "ram drag" - the amount of air going into the engine, times that velocity. The difference between the two is the "net thrust" and THAT is what is used to overcome the drag of the airframe etc.
What that means is that an engine with a small massflow but a high exhaust velocity generates the same thrust as one with a high massflow but low velocity. Compare, say, an afterburning fighter engine with a high bypass ratio turbo fan, or even a turboprop.
Therefore, depending on various other factors there is no single relationship between exhaust velocity and aircraft speed.