Visa
I had an experience of trying to obtain a visa at short notice earlier this year. The london embassy had a really long wait so i called some of the european ones.
From memory i don't think the Paris embassy did accept applications from non-nationals however the Amsterdam embassy did.
If you call the visa serivce it will cost you about $15 but they will tell you where you can apply and how long the wait is.
Bear in mind that they will keep your passport whilst processing your visa though