How does a jet engine work at cruise altitude
Great big rotating blades that some PHd at RR spent a decade learning to design squash the air up and squirt it through the combustion chamber.
As for the initial question. Possibly. It would depend on a huge number of variables. If you think of the fire triangle,
HEAT
FUEL OXYGEN
There are a large number of bits of an engine that would provide all the required items, not withstanding the 500 degree fire inside the core.
So for instance a bleed air leak could provide both oxygen and heat onto a rubber component which would provide the fuel.
I guess you might struggle to light a campfire at 41,000 feet but I would not rely on that for an engine fire.