Type Ratings
The situation we are now faced with is simply a function of market forces, and what the employer can get away with to protect the bottom line.
Unless and until demand begins to exceed supply, don't expect any rapid rethink on this issue from some companies.
From their point of view, why should they folk out cash, when they
can persuade pilots to pay for it themselves? Just what loyalty this generates is an other matter.
Having said that, it is out of order to charge for applying/interview/simulator assessment.
Any union is only as strong as the members. Without their positive support, significant changes are unlikely to occur.