Sir:
Part of your question is answered in the Airman's (sorry, "Aeronautical") Information Manual on page 2-3-2.
There you'll find illustrations of precision, non-precision and visual runway markings.
Jepp charts make no reference (as far as I know) to what runway markings are available at a particular airport.
But yes, it's possible to have a non-precision approach serve a runway that has precision markings. In that case, the same runway is probably served by an ILS but it may be NOTAM'd out of service which obviates a non-precision approach.
With respect to your question about snow covered runways, markings, centerline lights and the 15% requirement...well...now things get a little more complicated.
OpSpec C054 b. (2)(b) states: <<Precision instrument (all weather) runway markings *OR* runway centerline lights are operational on that runway.>>
The use of the word 'or' obviously requires centerline lights to be operational if you can't see the runway markings due to snow, but now you have a contaminated runway and must apply another calculation (stipulated in your company's GOM) on top of the 15%.
On the other hand, if the centerline lights were OTS or simply non-existent but you had the required runway markings on an otherwise bare and dry runway then you'd only need to apply the 15%.
By the way, if you'd like a truly authoritative answer to any American regulatory question go to
www.propilot.com and click on the link to Doc's FAR Bulletin Board.
The man can research any question and provide chapter, verse and legal interpretations that will stand the test of any investigation.
Best wishes.