PPRuNe Forums - View Single Post - Origin of the 250 knots below 10,000 ft rule
Old 20th Jun 2004, 19:11
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lomapaseo
 
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Canuckbirdstrike

In your post above and I am sure your paper as well, makes an excellent point for discussion.

However you do need to better take into account the regulatory conditions of the past and today. For instance your quote

What is most fascinating is that from this point forward current airframe and engine rules were developed based on this regulatory speed requirement, using 250 kias as a test condition.
This is not entirely correct even though some of your concerns are still valid.

For instance the aircraft regulation considers
§ 25.631 Bird strike damage.
The empennage structure must be designed to assure capability of continued safe flight and landing of the airplane after impact with an 8-pound bird when the velocity of the airplane (relative to the bird along the airplane's flight path) is equal to V¯C¯ at sea level .....
What is not specifically addressed in this regulation are multiple birds affecting multiple systems.

Regarding the engines. The 250kts does not necessarily increase the loading on the spinning fan blades. When one considers the effective incidence angle on the large open faced fans so common in todays high-bypass-ratio engines, the loading is a parabolic curve function of aircraft speed. i.e. as the speed increases from zero the loading on the blade increases until it maxes out somewhere about 180 kts to 210 kts thereafter it falls off until a pass through condition exists at about 450-500 kts and above this the bird will actually impact on the front face of the blades.

Thus for the spinning blade the speed of the blade must be resolved as a vector with the speed of the bird's entrance. This is taken into account by requiring the engije ingestions tests to be designed around conditions of takeoff up to initial climb speeds (below 250kts)

This inments for concern, since the effect on static structures both within the propulsion system (inlet lips, nose spinners and behind the fan struts) as well as frontal surfaces of the aircraft are certainly going to be affected by statistically increasing the bird encounter speed to 250kts
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