Trouble is it is generally
clear air turbulence, so that weather radar techniques are useless.
What could work are Lidars (
explained here). Lidars are now routinely used for remote wind measurements in large scale meteorological experiments, but they usually rely on particles or aerosols in air (rather few at the current flight levels) and are generally bulky (most of the time ship or ground based).
I don't think there are any commercially available lidars that could be mounted in the nose radome of an airliner (and cheap enough for beancounters to approve them
)