Which is limiting Actual Wing Load or Load factor?

[Field In Sight]

If an aircraft has a limit of +3.8g and weighs 1000 kg it can sustain a load on the wings of 3800 kg.

So if the weight reduces to say 500 kg (assuming no ZFW limit) it can still sustain a load of 3800 kg but this gives a load factor of 3800/500 = 7.6g.

Do designers set the limit for the worst case scenario i.e. max weight and anything lighter just adds a little bit of safety?

FIS.