I am not sure how the parking brake in a C150 could be inadverantly applied in flight and if it was on during the takeoff, surely the pilot should have realized something was wrong.
There certainly is not great amounts of thrust to overcome a dragging brake. I think checklists, particulary during high workload times like prelanding, should be as short as possible. I do not think it is worth while checking for something that is very unlikely to occur. Checking the brake pedals to ensure they are firm and thereby having reasonable certainty that the brakes are working does strike me as a worthwhile check. BTW I discourage the use of C150/152 style parking brakes because they do as you correctly point out , can jam on, and in any case it is hard on the disks if they are applied when the wheel is hot.