Originally Posted by
downsizer
One hobby of mine for a few years has been learning about military history. I find it fascinating to try and better understand why decisions were made and why certain tactics were used. One consistent theme is that what people believe to be true is based more on propaganda than fact.
WWI is a good example. The generals (on all sides) were trained and familiar with tactics that had existed for a couple of centuries. Teaching at places like Sandhurst focussed on learning from experience. The same applied at other military training establishments in other countries. One consequence of this is that leaders are often living in the past. Sometimes this works just fine. Some tactics that are centuries old are still valid. Sometimes this tactic falls over. Badly.
An example from WWI would be Von Kluck. His failure to effectively implement the Schlieffen Plan resulted in the tragic development of long term trench warfare. None of the forces involved had experience of this. The British had an inkling of what it might involve from the South African War (the Second Boer War), but that was nothing at all like the WWI experience.
Generals of the time (especially Haig) were deeply wedded to the concept of the cavalry charge. Many (most) had been cavalry officers. They believed that the horse reigned supreme. That biased their thinking. Crimea should have taught them that the days of the cavalry charge were numbered. It didn't. Even without horses they still thought that big charges were the way forward. Their thinking was medieval.
With the advent of a long, dug in, trench warfare line these generals (all of them, but especially Niville, Haig and von Kluck) were faced with a scenario their training and experience had not prepared them for. Sadly there is a lot of inertia in miltary training. If we could learn from experience quickly, and, to use a modern term, be more agile, we could be more effective (see Ukraine as a fantastic example of being agile).
Easy to be critical after the event. At the time of things happening we make decisions based on our knowledge and experience. Hindsight is a wonderful thing. We can now look back with the benefit from many scholars that have studied the events. With the benefit of this understanding we can put decisions made into the context of that time.