There are some utilities in Windows that might help identify the problem.
Event Viewer under Administrative Tools in the Control Panel.
(...no idea where Microsoft hides Event Viewer in Windows 10.)
Look through the Windows Logs there. There are probably hundreds of messages in them.
Clear the logs, wait for the problem to happen again then check the logs.
Boot into the BIOS and have a look around there. There's a section that shows temps, voltages, etc.
Should be able to see if the CPU temp is in line.
Careful poking around there. Changing the wrong thing and saving the setting can really bork the system.
Best option is choose "Exit without saving" (unless you know what you're doing).