50% of my employers would provide their captains with 'right-hand-seat' qualification which actually is a thing for all airplanes where 2 pilots are required.
Just because they saw the operational need / economic benefits of doing so.
One of them did provide LVTO training as PF to the F/O's and thus, as an extra add-on to RHS training of their captains, even PF LVTO was conducted.
(suggestion is made to keep heavy crew patterns out of this now, outside of the OP question scope. And trainings/exams too).
One suitably qualified captain needs to be nominated as PIC for each given flight. Under EASA nomenclature, this role is called 'Commander'.
Commander logs PIC.
All others log co-pilot, ona a plane where more than one person at controls is required.
PIC(US) is reserved to pre-determenided cases approved by the authority (such as trainings for the role of PIC listed in OM-D) and subject to approval by CMD after the flight. 'No intervention' rule applies.
The above is EASA based. What Denti says.
Last edited by FlightDetent; 26th Jan 2023 at 12:44.