Yes and no, some U2s were modified with scoops and particulate filters to monitor the fall out from Russian nuclear tests at Nova Zemlya - they flew out off the UK and took samples over the Barents sea outside Russian airspace.
To keep it pertinent to the thread, they also did it with flights out of Australia - "Operation Crowflight"
https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet...on-crowflight/