Already mentioned, but the B25 Mitchells were a famous early use of non-carrier aircraft 👍
Then there are just about every helicopter pressed into carrier ops through until the late 50s, and many beyond that. No ‘carrier’ design needed!
All the early P1127 and Harrier carrier landings were non-carrier design, which proves the concept ‘better to stop then land than to land, then stop’ 🤔😇