A 61.75 certificate will state on the certificate "ISSUED ON THE BASIS OF AND VALID ONLY WHEN ACCOMPANIED BY [name of country] PILOT LICENSE NO. [12345667etc]. 61.39 (e) allows a foreign pilot to apply for a type rating or an ATP without having an instructor's endorsement. They still go through the normal written test and checkride leading to a regular FAA certificate. As of now the only country the US has a Bilateral Agreement with is Canada. The agreement states that the license to be converted cannot be based on a third county license but it has no ISSUED ON THE BASIS OF notation. I can't see someone applying for a TCCA license based on a FAA certificate that is based on a TCCA license.