The existence of a Safety culture and a Just culture, will depend on the Organisational culture.
Some people in safety management don't subscribe to the concept of a separate safety culture. A beneficial safety environment in inextricably entwined with the culture of the company. If the company culture is poor, a good safety culture is near impossible. I worked at an airline which had an efficient safety system that was doing some good, but with a toxic company culture. Most pilots could not separate the two, so the safety system was doomed to fail. And it didn't help that the management couldn't leave the safety department alone to do their work as described by the SMS policy. This led to the deliberate sabotage of the safety department by management. The company culture has to embrace safety.