The type of lithium-based battery depends on a number of things, one designed for use in a phone will have internal protection against overcharge,over (and under) temperature, over current on discharge and will also terminate discharge at a recoverable voltage. However, there is always an internal point where a short circuit in a battery is between the battery material and the protection circuit which means an internal failure or damage is not protected.
A friend of mine is currently building an electric scooter using raw, unprotected battery packs with a charging and motor drive system of his own design. The degree of additional paperwork he had to sign to obtain these is considerable, they were also not shipped by air but in special packaging by sea.
Whatever you do, a battery is an energy storage device, it is potentially able to turn that energy into heat very rapidly if mistreated. Pushing capacity limits in a cell is a way of increasing the risks, battery development is a continuing process, as we saw with Samsung it is possible to overstep the mark. Boeing also had a similar experience with 787s.