Rules and reality. Crab nailed it, no sub for actually flying when you can't see the ground. And regular. And knowing what the autopilot does in what modes and what can save and what can kill you. Teaching IFR if they could see the ground through one square inch of chin bubble they were visual. A quick test: in cloud turn both AP's off (yes, even on a 139) and see if they can hold an airspeed and heading. Whether or not the paper box tick was done in "simulated" conditions is academic. As in regulatory compliance, but doesn't keep anybody alive.