I thought I’d try and answer your question and not tell you stuff you are more than likely very aware of regarding the state of the industry. I have done the Adapt test in the past for airline courses. The tests include the below, but may differ slightly depending on the course you’re going for.
- Progressive Maths - as suggested the questions get progressively harder, with more marks for the harder questions. You get 30 mins for 20 questions. The ones I had were very heavily weighted to speed distance time questions and some other basic concepts (e.g. Pythagoras a2=b2+c2). Nothing too difficult and the time is plenty, I finished in about 15 mins.
- Progressive Physics - same structure as the maths. I like you had been out of Education for some time. The standard is same as GCSE. This i found the most challenging aspect and the one I studied most for. It includes electrics (v=ir, basic circuits parallel and series and resistance calcs); mechanics (f=ma, and more complex acceleration calcs); thermodynamics (p1+v1/t1=p2+v2/t2). If you understand these formulae and concepts and can adapt them then I think you’ll be ok.
- FAST - this is a multi task test of observation and operation. Not much more to say on this, I think this is more down to natural ability (although see what I say below about Skytest). This one is pretty challenging, but I think (personal view) the most important thing is to stay focused and not panic.
-Cognitive - basic abstract/verbal/numerical/ reasoning and memory/speed accuracy. As per FAST not much you can study for here, just be familiar with the type of questions in these standard reasoning tests. There are about 5 questions across Each of the topics and if you have prepped for the maths above should good enough. I found it pretty straight forward. The questions are basic but just need to judge your time effectively. Verbal was very easy spatial and memory also not too challenging.
I think these are all the ones you’ll get on the virtual test. If you were to do it in person there are also Additional tests mainly focused on hand eye co-ordination. The ball game where you need to keep a ball in a grid using the joystick and something akin to a flight sim game where you have to listen/pay attention to the Required inputs.
Most of the above is in the literature they send you, so no secrets, just a few additional personal opinions. You also asked about prep material. By far the most useful thing I found was the skytest (Asia) bundle. This has all the tests you’ll sit and helps get familiar with the type of questions. I used this heavily to get back into the physics - it provides the answers with formulae that I found useful. The only thing I would say is that in this case it is probably possible to over prepare.
Good Luck with it!