To roundoff a few previous comments:-
KP, #166,'
The 9 competencies are' - a model with neat definitions, but what exactly are these aspects in practice, how do we explain them, train them. '…
better workload management (because of a higher workload which will make you practise this competency) and situational awareness'. Yet humans continually have difficulty with identifying high workload or when we have 'good' awareness' or even the correct awareness; or when will understanding be sufficient vs an 'optimum' ideal.
Our views are closer than might appear; not what they are, but how we get to them.
Vessbot, #169 re '
skills being transferable'. Ideally it would be convenient to acquire skills in one situation that would transfer to others. However, the research report indicates that some skills may not transfer; page 63 onwards.
Perceptual-motor skills, manual flight handling, feel of the aircraft, could transfer between approach and GA, but less so the mental skill of knowing when to GA, or knowing that the aircraft will '
intersect the ground 2300 feet short of the runway', knowing that the need is to '
level the wings', - the orientation (the understanding) part of OODA.
Note that the report relates advance proficiency with expertise, a deffiniton not alway used in aviation.
Also, and importantly, that task is considered in different ways; manual task includes both cognitive and motor skills - tactical, whereas flying involves manual tasks and higher order cognitive skills in awareness, understanding, and decision making - strategy. Higher order skills should transfer, but rarely do - we may not have them to begin with (training) or with the basics they are not practiced, improved, higher levels of expertise.
Re '
regulator beliefs', see refs - as we choose to interpret them.
A conclusion of sorts: the issue is less of 'know what' but more of 'know how', tacit knowledge, experience from being there, doing it, remembering that something has been achieved.
Like riding a bike; tell me, I fall off, but having fallen off and continuing to seek the skill, there comes success, but still being unable to explain how this was achieved.
Refs:-
https://www.icao.int/Meetings/a40/Do.../wp_296_en.pdf
https://ad.easa.europa.eu/blob/SIB_2.../SIB_2013-05_1
https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/avia.../SAFO17007.pdf