Maybe something like a running mask would do the job? There are some models designed with physical activity in mind, mainly for areas with great air pollution. I don't see something like this as less effective than the simple surgical mask - but perhaps it's more comfortable to wear for extended periods of time.
Myself, I've got a couple of reusable masks with breathing valves that can be washed. Still haven't been lucky enough to try one of them on a plane though.