Air recirculation systems on Airbus and Boeing aircraft have HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) Filters which remove dust, allergens, bacteria, viruses and other irritating particles from the air in pressurised cabins and cockpits.
All of the air in the cabin is on average completely changed every 3 minutes.
HEPA filters are very effective at removing viruses (testing shows a virus removal efficiency of 99.999%). This means that the virus will be retained in the filter.