BA cancel all flights to and from China due to Coronavirus

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Interesting statistics:

• ACE2 expression has a relationship to the SARS CoV2 corona virus causing Covid-19.
• A significant positive correlation exists between ACE2 and smoking.
• PRC Doctor smoking stats are similar to the overall smoking stats for the general PRC population.

Reference:

[1] Cai, G. Tobacco-Use Disparity in Gene Expression of ACE2, the Receptor of 2019-nCov. Preprints2020, 2020020051 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202002.0051.v1).

[2] Haga S, Yamamoto N, Nakai-Murakami C, Osawa Y, Tokunaga K, Sata T, Yamamoto N, Sasazuki T, Ishizaka Y (2008) Modulation of TNF-alpha-converting enzyme by the spike protein of SARS-CoV and ACE2 induces TNF-alpha production and facilitates viral entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:7809–7814

[3] Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X et al (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

[4] Jia HP, Look DC, Tan P, Shi L, Hickey M, Gakhar L, Chappell MC, Wohlford-Lenane C, McCray PB Jr (2009) Ectodomain shedding of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in human airway epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 297:L84–L96

[5] Kuba K, Imai Y, Rao S, Gao H, Guo F, Guan B, Huan Y, Yang P, Zhang Y, Deng W et al (2005) A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury. Nat Med 1175–879

[6] Oakes, J. M., Fuchs, R. M., Gardner, J. D., Lazartigues, E., & Yue, X. (2018). Nicotine and the renin-angiotensin system. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 315(5), R895–R906. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00099.2018

[7] Parascandola, M., & Xiao, L. (2019). Tobacco and the lung cancer epidemic in China. Translational lung cancer research, 8(Suppl 1), S21–S30. https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr.2019.03.12

[8] Smith, D. R., Zhao, I., & Wang, L. (2012). Tobacco smoking among doctors in mainland China: a study from Shandong province and review of the literature. Tobacco induced diseases, 10(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-10-14

[9] Yao, T., Ong, M., Lee, A., Jiang, Y., & Mao, Z. (2009). Smoking knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and associated factors among Chinese male surgeons. World journal of surgery, 33(5), 910–917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-009-9938-0

[10] Yilin, Z., Yandong, N., Faguang, J., (2015) Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 in a rat model of smoke inhalation induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. NCBI. Burns. 2015 Nov;41(7):1468-77. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.04.010. Epub 2015 May 14

Chart 2





Prevalence of smoking for males in the Asia Pacific region in 2016