About your story, it seems obvious that you can't learn by surprise.
So if you never saw before a static port blocking, then you face both startle effect and lack of knowledge.
If you tell them just before takeoff "your static port is blocked, but you don't know that so now takeoff anyway", the startle effect may decrease but if they never practised or learned it there will still be lack of practise/knowledge.
Startle effect training, in my opinion, would be very effective to forget you're in the sim.
The main drawback of sim training, in my opinion, is that it feels very artifical due to the fact that there is a scenario.
If there is a known scenario, in which I know I will have to divert because it is written in the lesson plan that today is about diversions, my thought process as a student will be different than reality.
Because in reality there is no scenario at all, just reality.
One time I had a check ride with no known scenario. It felt much more real because I knew the guy behind had no particular expecatations, just wanted to see me try as best I could to land safely at a suitable airport.
If I'm flying today with an instructor that told me yesterday "turning back at your destination airfield is always an option", I will have a mental bias about turning back in case of a minor failure after takeoff. Which I would probably not have with another instructor or with a real flight.
So, imo, the best training would be to trick the student/trainee into thinking it was a normal flight, brief them that if any problem arise they must be treated as real, then trigger problems.
Then, they could learn how to deal with startle effect.