PPRuNe Forums - View Single Post - Legality of deliberate incipient spin demo if AFM prohibits spinning
Old 24th Nov 2019, 17:13
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Big Pistons Forever
 
Join Date: Jan 2004
Location: Canada
Age: 63
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US FAR 23.221 covers the spin requirements for normal category aircraft ( ie not approved for spins)Sec. 23.221 — Spinning.

(a) Normal category airplanes. A single-engine, normal category airplane must be able to recover from a one-turn spin or a three-second spin, whichever takes longer, in not more than one additional turn after initiation of the first control action for recovery, or demonstrate compliance with the optional spin resistant requirements of this section.

(1) The following apply to one turn or three second spins:

(i) For both the flaps-retracted and flaps-extended conditions, the applicable airspeed limit and positive limit maneuvering load factor must not be exceeded;

(ii) No control forces or characteristic encountered during the spin or recovery may adversely affect prompt recovery;

(iii) It must be impossible to obtain unrecoverable spins with any use of the flight or engine power controls either at the entry into or during the spin; and

(iv) For the flaps-extended condition, the flaps may be retracted during the recovery but not before rotation has ceased.

(2) At the applicant's option, the airplane may be demonstrated to be spin resistant by the following:

(i) During the stall maneuver contained in §23.201, the pitch control must be pulled back and held against the stop. Then, using ailerons and rudders in the proper direction, it must be possible to maintain wings-level flight within 15 degrees of bank and to roll the airplane from a 30 degree bank in one direction to a 30 degree bank in the other direction;

(ii) Reduce the airplane speed using pitch control at a rate of approximately one knot per second until the pitch control reaches the stop; then, with the pitch control pulled back and held against the stop, apply full rudder control in a manner to promote spin entry for a period of seven seconds or through a 360 degree heading change, whichever occurs first. If the 360 degree heading change is reached first, it must have taken no fewer than four seconds. This maneuver must be performed first with the ailerons in the neutral position, and then with the ailerons deflected opposite the direction of turn in the most adverse manner. Power and airplane configuration must be set in accordance with §23.201(e) without change during the maneuver. At the end of seven seconds or a 360 degree heading change, the airplane must respond immediately and normally to primary flight controls applied to regain coordinated, unstalled flight without reversal of control effect and without exceeding the temporary control forces specified by §23.143(c); and

(iii) Compliance with §§23.201 and 23.203 must be demonstrated with the airplane in uncoordinated flight, corresponding to one ball width displacement on a slip-skid indicator, unless one ball width displacement cannot be obtained with full rudder, in which case the demonstration must be with full rudder applied.

So although the aircraft will not be approved for spinning it still must be able to demonstrate recovery from a one turn spin. Note the requirement is for the recovery to be possible after 360 degrees of rotation.

In Canada the incipient spin is typically presented as a climbing tun stall in a scenario of what happens with a short field takeoff that goes bad. So full power and 15 to 20 degrees of bank starting at the Vx nose up attiude and thenroll and pull to "avoid the obstacle". When the airplane breaks the most dangerous scenario is when it rolls into the turn ( i usually make sure this happens by sneaking in a bit of inside rudder ). If the wheel/stick is immediately moved forward and yaw controlled then any aircraft will not enter a spin. This should be practiced until the correct automatic actions are applied.

I am firmly convinced if the incipient spin is taught that way the intent of the exercise is achieved and it it is perfectly safe in any aircraft. Unfortunately there are still instructors who insist in colouring outside the lines. They get bored or let their ego get the better of them and try to make an exercise more sporty like instead of recovering as soon as the aircraft stalls in an incipient spin, letting it wind up a bit. With respect to the Australian Diamond accident I find it hard to believe that a positive recovery was initiated immediately.....


Incidentally Cessna produced a pamphlet on spin characteristic for their aircraft

a link to it is here

https://www.kevincfi.com/files/pdf/m...%20Cessnas.pdf
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