The Role of the Invincible class in the Cold War was as part of the outer screen for a CBG with the Shar able to launch and “hack the shad” as Bear-Ds Tracking the fleet slipped in and out of long range radar cover outside CAP range. Not a role the F-35B will be suitable or able to perform from the centre of its own CBG, and far less capable at the CAP role than the F-14/F-18s if the era.
The threat itself also having been retired and replaced by satellite surveillance. Regardless I cannot see the RN being willing to use the QE as a sacrificial goat to protect a USN carrier.