https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/14/23.672
14 CFR 23.672 - Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems
§ 23.672 Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems.
If the functioning of stability augmentation or other automatic or power-operated systems is necessary to show compliance with the flight characteristics requirements of this part, such systems must comply with
§ 23.671 and the following:
(a) A warning, which is clearly distinguishable to the pilot under expected flight conditions without requiring the pilot's attention, must be provided for any failure in the stability augmentation system or in any other automatic or power-operated system that could result in an unsafe condition if the pilot was not aware of the failure. Warning systems must not activate the control system.
(b) The design of the stability augmentation system or of any other automatic or power-operated system must permit initial counteraction of failures without requiring exceptional pilot skill or strength, by either the deactivation of the system or a failed portion thereof, or by overriding the failure by movement of the flight controls in the normal sense.
(c) It must be shown that, after any single failure of the stability augmentation system or any other automatic or power-operated system -
(1) The
airplane is safely controllable when the failure or malfunction occurs at any speed or altitude within the approved
operating limitations that is critical for the type of failure being considered;
(2) The controllability and maneuverability requirements of this part are met within a practical operational flight envelope (for example, speed, altitude, normal acceleration, and
airplane configuration) that is described in the
Airplane Flight Manual (AFM); and
(3) The trim, stability, and stall characteristics are not impaired below a level needed to permit continued safe flight and landing.
[Doc. No. 26269, [url=[url]https://www.law.cornell.edu/rio/citation/58_FR_42164]58 FR 42164, Aug. 6, 1993]
http://www.law.cornell.edu/rio/citation/58_FR_42164
§ 23.672 Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems.
If the functioning of stability augmentation or other automatic or power-operated systems is necessary to show compliance with the flight characteristics requirements of this part, such systems must comply with
§ 23.671 and the following:
(a) A warning, which is clearly distinguishable to the pilot under expected flight conditions without requiring the pilot's attention, must be provided for any failure in the stability augmentation system or in any other automatic or power-operated system that could result in an unsafe condition if the pilot was not aware of the failure. Warning systems must not activate the control system.
(b) The design of the stability augmentation system or of any other automatic or power-operated system must permit initial counteraction of failures without requiring exceptional pilot skill or strength, by either the deactivation of the system or a failed portion thereof, or by overriding the failure by movement of the flight controls in the normal sense.
(c) It must be shown that, after any single failure of the stability augmentation system or any other automatic or power-operated system -
(1) The
airplane is safely controllable when the failure or malfunction occurs at any speed or altitude within the approved
operating limitations that is critical for the type of failure being considered;
(2) The controllability and maneuverability requirements of this part are met within a practical operational flight envelope (for example, speed, altitude, normal acceleration, and
airplane configuration) that is described in the
Airplane Flight Manual (AFM); and
(3) The trim, stability, and stall characteristics are not impaired below a level needed to permit continued safe flight and landing.
[Doc. No. 26269, [url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/rio/citation/58_FR_42164]58 FR 42164, Aug. 6, 1993]
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Lionair prelim report
https://reports.aviation-safety.net/...RELIMINARY.pdf
and going to page 14 we find