Interesting. These 08L/26R markings are taxiway/runway holding position "pattern A" markings and it appears they have associated signs. I can only think that they are provided for ATC to hold an aircraft at these positions on the runway to give priority to aircraft on the crossing taxiway at the runway ends. An odd situation as runway movements would normally have priority over crossing traffic, unless the runway is sometimes used as a taxiway.
Regarding TORA/ASDA, maybe FAA file a difference with ICAO on this but I don't understand the logic.