In response to some of your questions.....
1: Dial-a-flap, not sure if this originated from the DC10, but we have it on our MD11's and MD-90s, the idea is that the crew can turn a wheel to selected any number of takeoff flap settings. The main advantage is that you get the flap setting most suited to a particular runway. Disadvantage, increases the chance of crew input error.
2: 10-28°.
5: 30 mins hold, diversion fuel and 10% contingency, 15,000 kgs might be close.
6: M83
I'm surprised that you didnt ask about the drooping ailerons.....
Mutt.