There is a number of considerations looked at for takeoff, including several runway limits.
If any one of the various runway limits gives you the lowest takeoff weight on the day, considering all the limits addressed, then we use the term "runway-limited" or "runway limiting" takeoff, or something similar. You will see this sort of term in various documents and you may even find a definition in one or more places.
At the end of the day, it is just a conventional way of expressing the end result of the takeoff performance calculation. You could call the situation anything you like, I guess. If you want a definition, the previous paragraph is as good as any, I would suggest.
Similar story for landing.