The circular you're referring to is for departures. Departure rules are different from arrival rules because takeoff weights are different from landing weights. Duh.
The 250kt below 10,000 has nothing to do with the 200kt within 10 miles.
And yes, there are many places that do slow you down further than 20 miles out. Many published STAR's have mandatory speeds below your mentioned 230-250 knots, lowering you to 210 and then ATC further slowing you to 190, 180... I'm well aware some airports like you to stay as fast as long as possible, I operate to JFK regularly. But not relevant to the discussion.