To be honest, ATM was available on the non-FADEC 737 classic in exactly the same way, so we did set it in the FMC, pressed the TOGA buttons and the rest was done by magic electric computing. We still used tables, but that was just to get to the correct assumed temperature, not the required thrust setting, back then we didn't have an EFB yet. In theory it allowed for derates as well, however we were not certified for that, unlike on the NG.
In effect the same as for the Boeing is true on the Airbus, put the assumed temperature in the FMCG and the autothrust works it all out. As for setting take off thrust that is slightly different, but in effect the same thing. Set 50% N1, wait for it to stabilise and then move the thrust levers to the FLX/MCT , at thrust reduction pull them back to CLB and they stay there until flare (except if one wants to use manual thrust, which is of course available). For go around simply push them forward to the most forward detent TOGA, which is the same that is used for an unreduced take off. You get a full go around thrust though, soft go-around is only available in new aircraft and i believe in very new A320NEOs as well. One can simulate that however, by going into the TOGA detend, wait until the TOGA mode is activated and them pull pack into CLB.