The short version is that nowadays oil and gas crews are examined at OPC time mostly, not completely, but mostly by TRE’s with only the knowledge of what it says in the big book and no actual common sense. Examinations are all procedural. So neither the captain or copilot in this case really had that much to go on training wise. Add to this that the company in question have been pushed to promote people by virtue of time served and not actual ability which is all that matters to the unions in U.K. and Ireland, jobs for the boys (and girls), which may not be the case in this instance but overall as a result the ethos for captaincy is then degraded in terms of actual ‘CAPTAINCY’ as Julie is suggesting. Combine this with the question of copilot CRM and I can tell you from personal experience in 2 out of the big 3 North Sea companies that CRM stopped when certain captains decided. It is still the case that those who choose to bully their way in the cockpit exist as much as they did 30 years ago, therefore copilot CRM and the ability to interject suffers.