Yes and no...
Su-24 and its precursor designs were a bit of a mixture of F-111 and TSR.2 inspiration (T-6-1 was a clipped delta with lift jets). However, they didn't bother with an internal weapons bay.
MiG-21 and Su-7/9/11 (Gen 2 in Russian terms) were tailed delta or highly swept trapezoid, neither of which caught on in the West.
The West used swing-wings on one big fighter (F-14), strike aircraft and the B-1. The Russians built two swing-wing tactical fighters (MiG-23/27 and Su-17/20/22) with single engines as part of their Gen3. And despite what the USAF wanted people to think, the Backfire was quite unlike the B-1, and the Tu-160 was quite different from the B-1B.
The West mostly stopped building new interceptors after 1958 with the exception of the Tornado F3. There was no equivalent of the Su-15, MiG-25 or MiG-31.
What I think did happen was that intelligence services on both sides were fond of mirror-imaging. Thus everyone assumed that the M-17 Mystic (RAM-M) was some kind of U-2 equivalent when in fact it was another interceptor.