Teaching CRM/ Multi Crew Coordination
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Teaching CRM/ Multi Crew Coordination
Can anyone recommend any books for teaching CRM / Multi Crew Coordination?
I'm looking for a text book that focuses more on real-world examples than too much theory and has available student work books.
Thanks
I'm looking for a text book that focuses more on real-world examples than too much theory and has available student work books.
Thanks
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Fist of all I would get yourself a good grounding in psychology, by getting a psychology text book to GCSE level and reading it.
Then the following:
(a) Human Factors in Flight by Frank Hawkins.
(b) Human Factors Student Work Book by Craig Funk (This is based on the above book)
(c) Organisational Accidents by James Reason
(d) ICAO Human Factors Digest.
Start reading the FULL transcripts of air accident reports and non aviation accidents, most air accidents should be available online though the UK AAIB, NTSB, BEA, etc..
A good starting point would be Air France Concorde, British Midland Kegworth, Air France A330 over the Atlantic, Air Inter Strasbourg, British Airways B747 at EGLL, Viscount Accident in Staffordshire, Air New Zealand at Mount Erebus, and finally the A320 accident on the Hudson River as it may give you a very different perspective to the media reports and the film in terms of CRM.
Non aviation accidents, Aberfan disaster, Quintishill railway accident, Zeebrugge ferry disaster, Chenobyl nuclear accident, and Piper Alpha oil rig.
A short university based course on Human Factors might be helpful, I believe a University in the north of England was running a five day foundation course, they also have a satellite campus in Asia, so they might run a course there if there was enough interrest, I'll check.
You can send a PM to me.
Then the following:
(a) Human Factors in Flight by Frank Hawkins.
(b) Human Factors Student Work Book by Craig Funk (This is based on the above book)
(c) Organisational Accidents by James Reason
(d) ICAO Human Factors Digest.
Start reading the FULL transcripts of air accident reports and non aviation accidents, most air accidents should be available online though the UK AAIB, NTSB, BEA, etc..
A good starting point would be Air France Concorde, British Midland Kegworth, Air France A330 over the Atlantic, Air Inter Strasbourg, British Airways B747 at EGLL, Viscount Accident in Staffordshire, Air New Zealand at Mount Erebus, and finally the A320 accident on the Hudson River as it may give you a very different perspective to the media reports and the film in terms of CRM.
Non aviation accidents, Aberfan disaster, Quintishill railway accident, Zeebrugge ferry disaster, Chenobyl nuclear accident, and Piper Alpha oil rig.
A short university based course on Human Factors might be helpful, I believe a University in the north of England was running a five day foundation course, they also have a satellite campus in Asia, so they might run a course there if there was enough interrest, I'll check.
You can send a PM to me.
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So i believe you have not completely understood the concept of CRM.....
CRM was "Crew Ressource Management" in the old days-based on NASA research stating that there were many accidents/incidents based on communication problems between the two pilots.....old Captains "knowing it all", and young Copilots "too scared to speak up"....thats where it started...then it became "Aircrew Ressource Management" when they understood that the Navigator/Engineer is also part of this team, and has his role as well...
Then it stretched to the cabin crew....the ATC and even the guy driving the push-back truck.....
It is NOT "Cockpit Ressource Management".....it deals with all kind of communication between anyone involved in the flight...
MCC is the specific training of someone who is just a pilot (single pilot that is-like we all do at the beginning of our career) to deal and interact with a second pilot on board-depending whether you conduct VFR or IFR operations.
You would be surprised how many single pilot trained pilots fail to work in a crew...
CRM was "Crew Ressource Management" in the old days-based on NASA research stating that there were many accidents/incidents based on communication problems between the two pilots.....old Captains "knowing it all", and young Copilots "too scared to speak up"....thats where it started...then it became "Aircrew Ressource Management" when they understood that the Navigator/Engineer is also part of this team, and has his role as well...
Then it stretched to the cabin crew....the ATC and even the guy driving the push-back truck.....
It is NOT "Cockpit Ressource Management".....it deals with all kind of communication between anyone involved in the flight...
MCC is the specific training of someone who is just a pilot (single pilot that is-like we all do at the beginning of our career) to deal and interact with a second pilot on board-depending whether you conduct VFR or IFR operations.
You would be surprised how many single pilot trained pilots fail to work in a crew...
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MCC (Multi Crew Coordination) should employ an element of CRM, but generally it introduces single crew pilots to multi crew operations. When it was first introduced in the UK the CAA's attitude was that ex military pilot's such as a Tornado pilot were not experienced in multi crew operations, even though they work as a highly coordinated crew with their navigator.
In fact I recall a RAF pilot who flew Tornados and the BBMF Lancaster, was told by the CAA he would need to undertake MCC upon leaving the RAF. Eventually the CAA backed down as part of his conversion onto a the Lancaster included flying a DC3, a multi pilot aircraft, unlike the Lancaster.
Personally I never saw the point of MCC particularly often on out of date aircraft types, simulaters with generic SOPs, but simply integrate the MCC into the initial type rating along with the company SOPs. MCC is a little like JOC (Jet Orientation Course), a bit pointless.
As for CRM in the early days, it mainly concerned the two or three crew members, with little reference to cabin crew, dispatchers, engineers, ATC and even passengers. In the early days there was a battle in the UK over whether to call it CRM (I believe a North American term) or FDM (Flight Deck Management) I think FDM came from Dan Air, personally I always preferred the term Human Factors Awareness Course (HFA).
As for attending a five day CRM instructors course, and being able to teach (facilitate) it the next week, it is not always the best way forward. The first and probably best CRM course I ever attended, which was not in the UK was developed in house by four line pilots, one who was a graduate in psychology and another a highly regarded international speaker on Human Factors.
I can think of a couple of other airlines who developed in house CRM programmes, without the need for a five day CRM trainers course, however they were developed under the 'supervision' of a competent person and the CRM trainers had additional training in facilitating training courses, in one case from someone who had previously worked at the Manchester Business School.
The real downside of CRM instructors course in the UK is there is little choice in training providers, the danger is few providers that it starts to homogenise CRM training. The whole point of CRM training is for the trainers to think out of the box and continually develop their own material which is relevant to the companies culture and operation. Like a shark, if it stops moving forward it dies. The other downside to CRM instructors course is that in some cases it is a 'see one, do one, teach one' approach and does not develop creativity in the trainers. For those not familiar with that term it was used in medicine for junior doctors, for example you would see a medical procedure once, do it once and they teach it!
Finally, I need to mention the authorities who in the UK approve CRM courses and CRM instructors, the CRM police. In the early days the FOI approved the course, despite knowing little or nothing about human factors. I remember an in house 'home grown' CRM instructor developed a training module based on a non aviation accident, to demonstrate the error chain, the FOI did not initially approve, as he only wanted aviation accidents to be included on the course! The odd thing is and to the instructors credit, people never forgot it. Finally, I have to address CRM instructor examiners, I never understand why someone can examine CRM instructors with little or no experience of facilitating CRM.
In fact I recall a RAF pilot who flew Tornados and the BBMF Lancaster, was told by the CAA he would need to undertake MCC upon leaving the RAF. Eventually the CAA backed down as part of his conversion onto a the Lancaster included flying a DC3, a multi pilot aircraft, unlike the Lancaster.
Personally I never saw the point of MCC particularly often on out of date aircraft types, simulaters with generic SOPs, but simply integrate the MCC into the initial type rating along with the company SOPs. MCC is a little like JOC (Jet Orientation Course), a bit pointless.
As for CRM in the early days, it mainly concerned the two or three crew members, with little reference to cabin crew, dispatchers, engineers, ATC and even passengers. In the early days there was a battle in the UK over whether to call it CRM (I believe a North American term) or FDM (Flight Deck Management) I think FDM came from Dan Air, personally I always preferred the term Human Factors Awareness Course (HFA).
As for attending a five day CRM instructors course, and being able to teach (facilitate) it the next week, it is not always the best way forward. The first and probably best CRM course I ever attended, which was not in the UK was developed in house by four line pilots, one who was a graduate in psychology and another a highly regarded international speaker on Human Factors.
I can think of a couple of other airlines who developed in house CRM programmes, without the need for a five day CRM trainers course, however they were developed under the 'supervision' of a competent person and the CRM trainers had additional training in facilitating training courses, in one case from someone who had previously worked at the Manchester Business School.
The real downside of CRM instructors course in the UK is there is little choice in training providers, the danger is few providers that it starts to homogenise CRM training. The whole point of CRM training is for the trainers to think out of the box and continually develop their own material which is relevant to the companies culture and operation. Like a shark, if it stops moving forward it dies. The other downside to CRM instructors course is that in some cases it is a 'see one, do one, teach one' approach and does not develop creativity in the trainers. For those not familiar with that term it was used in medicine for junior doctors, for example you would see a medical procedure once, do it once and they teach it!
Finally, I need to mention the authorities who in the UK approve CRM courses and CRM instructors, the CRM police. In the early days the FOI approved the course, despite knowing little or nothing about human factors. I remember an in house 'home grown' CRM instructor developed a training module based on a non aviation accident, to demonstrate the error chain, the FOI did not initially approve, as he only wanted aviation accidents to be included on the course! The odd thing is and to the instructors credit, people never forgot it. Finally, I have to address CRM instructor examiners, I never understand why someone can examine CRM instructors with little or no experience of facilitating CRM.
Last edited by Homsap; 16th Feb 2017 at 22:43.
MCC (Multi Crew Coordination)
"Multi-crew cooperation" (MCC) means the functioning of the flight crew as a team of cooperating members led by the pilot-in-command.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Multi Crew Coordination or Multi Crew Co-operation (MCC) is an allowance, an additional training at the commercial pilot licence required in order to fly within a crew,[1] that means in a multi-pilot[2] aircraft with the aircrew consisting of at least two members.[3] It is a requirement for pilots applying for a multi-pilot type rating[4] and can be done separately or together with this type rating. The course is under the supervision of a Flight Training Organization (FTO) or a Type Rating Training Organization (TRTO).[5]
The MCC course's purpose is to train pilots working as part of a multi-member flight crew. It teaches about communication and coordination.[6]
This course is under the law of the Flight Crew Licensing (FCL1) part F.[7][8]
The Multi Crew Coordination or Multi Crew Co-operation (MCC) is an allowance, an additional training at the commercial pilot licence required in order to fly within a crew,[1] that means in a multi-pilot[2] aircraft with the aircrew consisting of at least two members.[3] It is a requirement for pilots applying for a multi-pilot type rating[4] and can be done separately or together with this type rating. The course is under the supervision of a Flight Training Organization (FTO) or a Type Rating Training Organization (TRTO).[5]
The MCC course's purpose is to train pilots working as part of a multi-member flight crew. It teaches about communication and coordination.[6]
This course is under the law of the Flight Crew Licensing (FCL1) part F.[7][8]
